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Analysis

The Law Has a One Health Problem

A pathogen moves through animals, people, laboratories, databases, products and trade as one connected event — but the law sees…

Analysis

Who Is Actually in Charge During a Pandemic?

A new virus spreads; WHO declares an emergency; and countries do completely different things. So who is actually in charge?…

Analysis

The Rules of Outbreaks: What Happens Next?

Over the Rules of Outbreaks series we followed a pathogen through a complicated legal world. So what happens next? A…

Analysis

The Nagoya Protocol: When a Pathogen Becomes a Genetic Resource

Scientists find a new virus in a wild animal. The world wants it within days — but it is also…

Analysis

Who Governs a Global Outbreak?

An unknown virus jumps from animals to people, crosses a border and appears in genomic databases within days. But no…

Analysis

One Pathogen, Four Legal Systems

An unfamiliar virus is found in animals, jumps to a farm worker, is sequenced and uploaded, and within days crosses…

Analysis

What Is a Pandemic Emergency?

After COVID, governments decided a PHEIC was not enough. The 2024 IHR amendments created a new highest alert — the…

Analysis

The WHO Pandemic Agreement: What Did Countries Actually Agree To?

In May 2025 governments adopted the world's first pandemic treaty. It does not create a world health government or let…

Analysis

PABS: Who Owns a Pathogen?

A country finds a virus with pandemic potential. The world wants the genome within hours — but what does that…

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